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| c. 350 BC |
| | | The earliest description of a pulley appears in a Greek text | |
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| c. 350 BC |
| | | The brutal philosophy of Legalism contributes to the decline of the Zhou dynasty | |
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| c. 350 BC |
| | | The Mahabharata, India's great national epic, begins to take shape | |
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| 348 BC |
| | | The citizens of Olynthus abandon their houses, with elaborate mosaic floors, when their city is attacked by Philip of Macedon | |
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| 343 BC |
| | | Aristotle is employed in Macedon as tutor to the 13-year-old heir to the throne, Alexander | |
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| c. 343 BC |
| | | Hephaestion, Alexander's closest lifelong friend, may have been among the small group taught by Aristotle | |
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| c. 343 BC |
| | | Homer's Iliad becomes a profound source of inspiration to Alexander, who will keep scrolls of the text in his tent during his conquests | |
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| c. 340 BC |
| | | The theatre at Epidaurus is the earliest and best surviving example of a classical Greek stage and auditorium | |
|  | Epidaurus, the theatre
Fotofile CG
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| 340 BC |
| | | Alexander the Great, at the age of sixteen, conducts his first successful military campaign – against the Thracians | |
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| c. 340 BC |
| | | The Macedonians develop the catapult as a siege engine for the armies of Philip II and Alexander the Great | |
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